Two years from now, we will be celebrating the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, which laid the revolutionary basis for the American nation. Looked at it as an isolated American event, the American Revolution is the process that established the United States as a modern nation-state. Yet, the Declaration of Independence and all that came off it can also be put at the beginning of an Age of Revolution spanning the period from 1776 to 1850 that created the modern world. In the eyes of eminent scholars like R.R. Palmer, Jacques Godechot, and more recently Jonathan Israel, the American Revolution initiated a series of democratic revolutions in Europe, the Caribbean, and Latin America that continued the fight for individual freedom, self-government, and popular sovereignty against the old forces of monarchy, aristocracy, and religious authority. Other approaches drawing on continental, hemispheric, Atlantic, and imperial frames have moved away from the focus on ‘democratic’ revolutions and point to the many contradictory developments of the period that, after all, also witnessed the perpetuation of slavery, the consolidation of empires, and the formation of a modern conservatism born from the rejection of the radically liberal ideas of 1776 – both within and outside of the U.S. The lecture will introduce listeners to the major events and problems of the American Revolution and then approach it from several transnational angles to assess its place in the Age of Revolution.
Readings: Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History (New York: Norton, 2016). R. R. Palmer, The Age of Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800 (2 vols., Princeton: Princeton UP, 1959-1964). Wim Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic World: A Comparative History (New York: New York UP, 2009). C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004). Jonathan Israel, The Expanding Blaze: How the American Revolution Ignited the World, 1775–1848 (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2017).